ERK-dependent Signaling Pathway and Transcriptional Factor Ets-1 Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production in Transforming Growth Factor-<symbol unicode="03B2" ascii="beta"></symbol>1 Stimulated Glomerular Podocytes

The unregulated synthesis of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) components, extracelluar matrix (ECM) proteins, or the secretion of ECM-degradation enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), by podocytes under pathological conditions might be major factors in GBM damage. The present study examined the effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) on the production of gelatinase in cultured murine podocytes. Our results showed that TGFβ1 is the most potent inducer of MMP-9 secretion in both a doseand time-dependent manner, but has very little effect on MMP-2 secretion. TGFβ1 upregulated MMP-9 mRNA levels, but did not affect the expression of matrix mettaloproteinases TIMP-1 mRNA. TGFβ1 induced activation of both Smad2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). However, blockade of Smad2 signaling pathway by Staurosporine did not affect the TGFβ1-stimulated secretion of MMP-9, whereas inhibition of activation of ERK1/2 by PD98059 abolished TGFβ1-stimulated secretion of MMP-9 and expression of MMP-9 mRNA. Protein levels of the transcriptional factor Ets-1 increased and were sustained for 12 h by TGFβ1stimulation. Our data also showed that blockage of ERK1/2 activation by PD98059 led to a reduction in the level of Ets-1 protein and to a consequent decrease in MMP-9 mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that TGFβ1 can induce the production of MMP-9 in podocytes through the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, and suggested that an increase in MMP-9 enzymatic activities may be involved in the damage of the GBM in response to inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis.